[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 448G 103G 322G 25% /
/dev/sda3 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda1 99M 18M 77M 19% /boot
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/info
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool
[root@server ~]#
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 274 2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 275 535 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 536 60801 484086645 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 536 60801 484086613+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn’t contain a valid partition table
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won’t be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0×0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-60801, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-60801, default 60801):
Using default value 60801
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext’d (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
Hex code (type L to list codes): 83
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 274 2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 275 535 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 536 60801 484086645 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 536 60801 484086613+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux
[root@server ~]# partprobe
[root@server ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
61063168 inodes, 122096000 blocks
6104800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
3727 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@server ~]# mkdir /disk1
[root@server ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /disk1 ext3 defaults 0 0
[root@server ~]# mount
/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext3 (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/info type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool type tmpfs (rw,mode=0770,uid=2021,gid=31)
[root@server ~]# mount -a
[root@server ~]# mount
/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext3 (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/info type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool type tmpfs (rw,mode=0770,uid=2021,gid=31)
/dev/sdb1 on /disk1 type ext3 (rw)
[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 448G 103G 322G 25% /
/dev/sda3 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda1 99M 18M 77M 19% /boot
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/info
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool
/dev/sdb1 459G 199M 435G 1% /disk1
[root@server ~]#
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 448G 103G 322G 25% /
/dev/sda3 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda1 99M 18M 77M 19% /boot
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/info
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool
[root@server ~]#
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 274 2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 275 535 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 536 60801 484086645 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 536 60801 484086613+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn’t contain a valid partition table
[root@server ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won’t be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 60801.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0×0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-60801, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-60801, default 60801):
Using default value 60801
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition’s system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): t
Selected partition 1
Hex code (type L to list codes): L
0 Empty 1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix bf Solaris
1 FAT12 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi ee EFI GPT
f W95 Ext’d (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
Hex code (type L to list codes): 83
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@server ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 274 2096482+ 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda3 275 535 2096482+ 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 536 60801 484086645 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 536 60801 484086613+ 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sdb: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 60801 488384001 83 Linux
[root@server ~]# partprobe
[root@server ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
61063168 inodes, 122096000 blocks
6104800 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
3727 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16384 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 37 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@server ~]# mkdir /disk1
[root@server ~]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/sdb1 /disk1 ext3 defaults 0 0
[root@server ~]# mount
/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext3 (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/info type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool type tmpfs (rw,mode=0770,uid=2021,gid=31)
[root@server ~]# mount -a
[root@server ~]# mount
/dev/sda5 on / type ext3 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/sda3 on /tmp type ext3 (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/info type tmpfs (rw)
tmpfs on /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool type tmpfs (rw,mode=0770,uid=2021,gid=31)
/dev/sdb1 on /disk1 type ext3 (rw)
[root@server ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 448G 103G 322G 25% /
/dev/sda3 2.0G 36M 1.9G 2% /tmp
/dev/sda1 99M 18M 77M 19% /boot
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-local
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-queue
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/before-remote
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/info
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /usr/local/psa/handlers/spool
/dev/sdb1 459G 199M 435G 1% /disk1
[root@server ~]#
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